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二、词相关的习语及固定用法
1、具体名词抽象化 。在平日的学习中我们发现好多习语中的具体名词都被用做抽象化,即这一名词并不具体地指某一具体事物,而是成了一个抽象概念。如 in hospital,in debt,in danger,in trouble等,表示某人(物)处于某种状态。由 by加抽象化的具体名词,表示乘坐交通工具,如:by plane,by train;表示做事的方式手段,如:by hand,by telephone,by letter。由 go to加抽象化的具体名词,构成 go to school,go to town,go to church等短语。
【考例】12、—Where's Jack?
—I think he's still in_______ bed,but he might just be in _______bathroom .(NM ET 92)
A./,/ B.the,the C.the,/ D./,the
【考例】13、Paper money was in _______use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _______thirteenth century.(NMET 99)
A.the,/ B.the,the C./,the D./,/
【解析】在上两题中,in bed,in use均为习语,分别选D,C。
【考例】14、It is not rare in _______ that people in _____ are going to university for further education. (上海 99)
A. 90s; the B. the 90s; 不填 C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their
【解析】in the 90s 表示九十年代,“in one's + 整十的复数”表示“在......人几十多岁”,故选D。
2、专有名词与普通名词构成的复合词前通常加定冠词。如:国名的全称,the United States of America。语言名称后加 language,如:the English language,the Chinese language;表示某物用在被发明的语言环境中,前面通常加定冠词。如:
【考例】15、My father told me he was soon going to visit ___. (MET 81)
A. the United State B. the United States
C. United States D. United State
【考例】16、Alexander Graham Bell invented _______telephone in 1876.(M ET 91)
A./ B.a C.the D.one
【解析】根据要点所述,上两题分别选B,C。
三、冠词的特殊用法
1.space表示“太空”,nature表示“大自然”均不能与冠词连用;但具体的天体前通常加定冠词。如:the stars,the moon,the sun,the universe等。
【考例】17、Beyond _______stars,the astronaut saw nothing but_______ space.(M ET 90)
A.the,/B./,theC./,/D.the,the
【解析】根据要点所述,选A。
2.news,information,advice,work(工作),music,weather,fun等几个词,即使其前面有形容词修饰语,也不能加不定冠词。如:
【考例】 18、_____terrible weather we've been having these days!. (MET 92)
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
【考例】19、Father went to his doctor for_______ about his heart trouble.(M ET 87)
A.an advice B.advice C.advices D.the advices
【考例】20、Alice is fond of playing ___ piano while Henry is interested in listening to ___ music. (MET 89)
A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the
【解析】以上三题分别选 D,B,C。
3、不定冠词a/ an 用在强制性语序中。
【考例】21、_____ girl she is! (MET 80)
A. What bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What a bright
【考例】22、He is _______ teacher that all of us like him. (MET 84)
A. a such good B. such good a C. a so good D. so good a
【考例】23、She told us _______ story that we all forgot about the time. (MET 88)
A. such an interesting B. such interesting a
C. so an interesting D. a so interesting
【考例】24、It is _____ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. (上海 98)
A. so unusual B. such unusual C. such an unusual D. so an unusual
【解析】一般说来,不定冠词应位于名词短语之首,如【考例】23,24。但①当a/ an,形容词 和名词同时具备且出现在so/ as/ too/ how之后时,必须使用“so/ as/ too/ how + adj. + a/ an + n.”这一强制性语序;②当名词短语中有 such或 what 时,不定冠词要放在such或 what之后。所以,以上四题答案分别为CD(该题答案不唯一),D,A,C。
注意:当不定冠词与quite 或rather 连用时,可以采用两种语序: quite/ rather a/ an +adj. + n. 或 a/ an quite/ rather +adj. + n.;在many + a/ an + n. 结构中,a/ an 所处的也是强制性位置。
4、抽象名词一般不能与不定冠词连用,但在用在某些表示情绪的名词前,经常用冠词,尤其是当该抽象名词受到形容词修饰时。
【考例】 25、Oh. John. ___ you gave us! (MET 90)
A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
【考例】26、Jumping out o f ____ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ___ exciting experience. (NMET 2002)
A. 不填; the B. 不填; an C. an; an D. the; the
【解析】上两题答案均为C。
同时,我们还应该注意以下特殊用法:
1、a/ an 用在姓名前或“Mr./ Mrs./ Miss/ Ms + 姓氏”前,表示“某一个,某位”,有不肯定的意味;也可以表示“一位”,用来指家庭成员。如:A Mr. Black wants to see you. 一位 Black 先生想见你。
2、most 除了与形容词连用构成最高级外,还可以做形容词的加强语,相当于 very,extremely。在这种情况下,如果形容词修饰的是单数可数名词,就要与不定冠词 a 连用。如:
Greetings, learned judge! I do not envy you your job. This is a most troublesome case.(P.62 SEFC Book 3A)你好,博学的法官!我并不羡慕您的职业。这是一件非常麻烦的案子。
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